home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=90TT3232>
- <title>
- Dec. 03, 1990: At The End Of Milken's Junk-Food Chain
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 03, 1990 The Lady Bows Out
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 84
- At the End of Milken's Junk-Food Chain
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Meet Philip Ruckdeschel, 68, a disabled mechanic who lives
- with his wife, his 78-year-old mother-in-law and three children
- in Sloansville, N.Y. (pop. 200). In 1986, Ruckdeschel handed his
- family's savings, roughly $150,000, to Joseph Ventura, a sales
- rep from First Investors Corp., one of the country's largest
- managers of junk-bond mutual funds. Four years later,
- Ruckdeschel estimates his total losses at $75,000 but doesn't
- know the exact figure because at each sales call, Ventura would
- toss out the old records. "He never said anything about any risk--just that if we needed retirement income, this was the way
- to do it," says Ruckdeschel. "Now I know why people jump out of
- windows."
- </p>
- <p> Salesman Ventura refuses to comment, but others who hawked
- junk for First Investors are less reticent about the company's
- high-pressure tactics. "I feel like a prostitute," confesses one
- of them, Mark Loncar, 27, of Aurora, Ill. "But I didn't know any
- better."
- </p>
- <p> Ruckdeschel, Ventura and Loncar inhabit the lower end of
- the food chain that fed Michael Milken and a handful of others
- hundreds of millions of dollars in personal profits during the
- leveraged-buyout binge of the '80s. Now the continuing collapse
- of the junk-bond market is starving more than 270,000 First
- Investors clients, many of whom were lured in by deceptive
- tactics like those used by Ventura and Loncar. Customer losses
- nationwide could top $500 million.
- </p>
- <p> Three weeks ago, in one of the largest claims ever against a
- mutual fund operator, officials in New York and Massachusetts
- filed fraud charges against First Investors (assets: $3.5
- billion) and a total of seven of its top executives. At least
- five other states may follow suit. "These were the junkiest of
- the junk bonds, yet investors who asked specific questions about
- them were lied to," says New York Attorney General Robert
- Abrams. "We've handled many fraud cases before, but nothing
- approaches the scale of what we see here. This is heartrending."
- </p>
- <p> First Investors was one of the first mutuals to buy junk in
- quantity from Milken. The high-flying paper helped two of the
- firm's 25 funds (the Fund for Income and the High Yield Fund)
- grow to more than $2.4 billion in assets. At its peak, First
- Investors commanded an army of 5,000 sales agents spread
- throughout 285 offices in 49 states--most of them
- inexperienced, ill trained and often crammed like cattle into
- boiler-room offices. The agents memorized scripted pitches that
- they parroted to customers, usually over the phone. The firm
- also uses a pyramid-style structure, similar to Amway's, in
- which agents recruit others in return for a cut of new revenues.
- </p>
- <p> Within a year of his hiring in 1986, Loncar had dumped
- enough high-risk junk, most of it on unsophisticated buyers and
- senior citizens with fixed incomes, to become one of First
- Investors' "Top 100" salesmen. "When clients asked if these
- investments were safe, we were taught to mislead them," says
- Loncar. "I didn't even know these were junk bonds. I learned
- more about those funds after I left the company three years
- later."
- </p>
- <p> "It was like telemarketing," recalls a former top salesman,
- Michael Rukujzo, who quit last year. According to Rukujzo and
- other agents, prospective purchasers were hooked by the high
- yields--12% to 13%, versus 5% to 6% offered by most banks--and were falsely told that the bonds were safe and that
- potential losses were government insured. First Investors is
- also charged by New York and Massachusetts with distributing
- misleading prospectuses.
- </p>
- <p> The ride down has been almost as steep as the climb up. In
- 1990 alone, share prices in both funds have dropped more than
- 30%. Even on a long-term basis, the Fund for Income and the High
- Yield Fund are among the industry's worst performers. Benalder
- Bayse Jr., who from 1985 to 1989 ran both funds, testified with
- immunity at Milken's presentencing hearing that a Milken crony,
- Roy Johnson, helped him land what he described as a "lucrative
- job" at First Investors. Thereafter, according to Bayse, Johnson
- funneled junk bonds to him, both for the mutual funds and, in
- some cases, for Bayse's personal account.
- </p>
- <p> Neither Glenn Head nor David Grayson, First Investors'
- chairman and president respectively, is talking publicly about
- his role. Both are named in the states' lawsuits and will
- "vigorously" contest them, says their lawyer. Like Milken, they
- too will have their day in court.
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Behar.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-